∫Calculus I & II • AP Calc AB/BC

Calculus Derivatives & Integrals Formula Sheet

Master the core differentiation and integration rules tested on Calculus I, Calculus II, CÉGEP NYA/NYB, and AP Calculus AB/BC exams. Toggle Self-Test Mode below to quiz yourself.

High-Yield Formulas

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Power Rule (Derivatives)
d/dx [xⁿ] = n · xⁿ⁻¹

When to use: Differentiating polynomials, roots (x¹/²), and negative exponents (1/xⁿ = x⁻ⁿ).

⚠️ Exam Trap: Do not use Power Rule when x is in the exponent (like 2ˣ); use d/dx[aˣ] = aˣ ln(a).
Product Rule
d/dx [f(x)g(x)] = f'(x)g(x) + f(x)g'(x)

When to use: Differentiating two multiplied functions of x (e.g., x² · sin(x)).

⚠️ Exam Trap: Never just multiply the two derivatives together: (fg)' ≠ f'g'.
Quotient Rule
d/dx [f(x)/g(x)] = [f'(x)g(x) - f(x)g'(x)] / [g(x)]²

When to use: Differentiating rational expressions or fractions of x.

⚠️ Exam Trap: Order in the numerator matters because of the minus sign: Low·d(High) - High·d(Low).
Chain Rule
d/dx [f(g(x))] = f'(g(x)) · g'(x)

When to use: Differentiating composite functions like sin(3x²) or (2x + 1)⁵.

⚠️ Exam Trap: Forgetting to multiply by the inside derivative g'(x) is the #1 AP Calculus error.
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
∫[a to b] f'(x) dx = f(b) - f(a)

When to use: Evaluating definite integrals and net accumulation of rate of change.

⚠️ Exam Trap: Always check whether you need net displacement ∫v(t)dt or total distance ∫|v(t)|dt.
Integration by Parts
∫ u dv = u · v - ∫ v du

When to use: Integrating products like ∫ x·eˣ dx or ∫ ln(x) dx (choose u via LIATE).

⚠️ Exam Trap: Pick u using LIATE (Logs, Inverse trig, Algebraic, Trig, Exponential) so du gets simpler.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know whether to use u-substitution or Integration by Parts?

Check u-substitution first: if one part of the integrand is the derivative of an inner function (like ∫ 2x·cos(x²) dx), use u-sub. If it is a product of unrelated function families (like ∫ x·eˣ dx), use Integration by Parts.

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